Rosemary is an evergreen shrub plant, the leaves and twigs of which are widely used in cooking, folk medicine, and cosmetology. But first of all, it is a seasoning that is known and appreciated all over the world! Rosemary adds a spicy note to dishes. It is also believed that it brings undoubted benefits to the body. After all, its medicinal properties are so wide that this spice is considered indispensable for healing and preventing diseases. And in some cultures, rosemary is credited with magical properties. We are not going to argue here. But its medicinal properties interested us.
Rosemary - what kind of plant is it?
Officinalis rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis) is an evergreen shrub 0.2-0.8 m high. It has fragrant needle-like leaves 2-4 cm long and up to 5 mm wide. The plant belongs to the Lamiaceae family, like mint, thyme, and sage.
Habitat: Mediterranean coast. Rosemary is also found in Crimea, Central Asia, and Transcaucasia. In Russia it is grown as a houseplant and ornamental plant.
The name ros marinus is translated from Latin as “sea dew.” The ancient Romans attributed magical properties to the seasoning, associating it with the sea. The blue hue of the flowers reminded them of the spray of sea foam and was associated with love and fidelity.
The plant is drought-resistant and tolerates cool climates. Some varieties can withstand temperatures down to minus 20 degrees. In temperate latitudes, rosemary blooms in spring and summer. In the south it pleases with continuous flowering. Flowers are white, pink or blue. The lifespan of grass is up to 30 years.
Procurement of raw materials
Rosemary contains the maximum amount of essential oils (up to 2%) in the third year of life. Leaves are collected from the tops of branches during flowering.
Dry in a well-ventilated area at a temperature of 35-40 degrees. The shelf life of finished raw materials is 2 years. Green branches are kept in the cold, wrapped in cotton cloth. Application period: up to two weeks.
Contraindications to the use of spices
The seasoning has contraindications for use:
- Hypertension. It has a stimulating effect on muscle tone, which leads to pressure surges.
- Epilepsy. May provoke seizures due to stimulant effects.
- Age up to 5 years. Possible sleep disturbances, insomnia and increased excitability.
During pregnancy, excessive intake can contribute to miscarriages by increasing uterine tone.
When breastfeeding, the seasoning is contraindicated - it stops lactation and can cause convulsions in the child.
Watch Elena Malysheva’s program about the benefits of seasoning:
A little history
Rosmarinus has been known since pre-biblical times. Together with lavender and juniper, it was collected from the mountain slopes of Lebanon.
Archaeologists found the first mention of the plant on cuneiform clay tablets. They date back to 5000 BC. e. In addition, it is known to be used by the ancient Egyptians in funeral rituals.
Ancient Greek scientists - Pliny the Elder, Dioscorides - wrote about rosemary. For the ancient Romans, the flower symbolized the memory of the dead. In Medieval Europe, twigs were used to decorate a house on holidays, and they were given to newlyweds for a wedding. They also fumigated the home with the smoke of smoldering leaves, driving out evil spirits.
Gradually the plant moved to the East, reaching China by 220. But it came to the British Isles only in the 8th century.
The merit is attributed to Charlemagne, who was a great lover of medicinal herbs. He ordered rosemary to be planted on farms and in monastery gardens. Thanks to him, cucumbers, pumpkin, anise, and chicory took root in England. The list also included star anise, thyme, kohlrabi, leeks, radishes, and peas.
Rosemary was brought to the American continent by the first settlers at the end of the 17th century. But the plant appeared in our country only in 1813. For the first time it was planted on the territory of the Nikitsky Botanical Garden. Today, weed can be found not only on the Crimean Peninsula, but throughout Russia.
Kuban farmers supply fresh seasoning to Krasnodar supermarkets. I often see it on the shelves next to arugula, microgreens and leeks. Summer residents can purchase seedlings in nurseries. Another good idea for use is to plant it on the balcony.
Features of smell and taste
The main thing that distinguishes the spicy herb rosemary from other spices is its special bouquet of aromas and its taste characteristics. The specific smell of this herbal product combines lemon-sweet notes and the sharp aroma of camphor. But at the same time, you can feel the pine accent and the incomparable smell of fresh greenery.
The taste characteristics are expressed in a sharp-bitter taste, which does not at all interfere with the widespread use of this spice. On the contrary, a slightly bitter tint gives dishes a pleasant spiciness, and even sophistication. Experienced chefs are well aware of the rules of harmony of taste, which is why French and Italian cuisine are considered the most popular in the world.
Chemical composition and calorie content of rosemary
The energy value of the seasoning is low. A 100-gram serving contains 131 kcal. I put the vitamin composition in a table. Data taken from the official website of the USDA National Nutrient Database for Standard Reference.
| Name | Amount per 100 g, mg | % Daily Value |
| A | 14,6 | 16,2 |
| B1 | 0,037 | 2,4 |
| B2 | 0,15 | 8,4 |
| B5 | 0,8 | 16,1 |
| B6 | 0,34 | 16,8 |
| B9 | 10,9 | 27,3 |
| C | 21,8 | 24,2 |
| PP | 0,91 | 4,6 |
Rosemary is no different from “a huge amount of vitamins” (as some authors flaunt it). It contains a high content of ascorbic acid and B vitamins, but you will not meet the body’s needs. The mineral composition of the seasoning also does not “amaze the imagination.”
| Name | Amount per 100 g, mg | % of norm |
| Potassium | 668 | 26,7 |
| Calcium | 317 | 31,7 |
| Magnesium | 91 | 22,8 |
| Phosphorus | 66 | 8,3 |
| Iron | 6,65 | 36,9 |
| Manganese | 0,96 | 48 |
| Copper | 30,1 | 30,1 |
| Zinc | 0,93 | 7,8 |
As you can see, rosemary is a source of potassium, iron, and manganese. Its use enriches the taste of dishes and is beneficial. It contains polyunsaturated fatty acids omega-3 and omega-6, phytosterols, and some amino acids. But that’s not why they value him.
Essential oil is obtained from the plant. It relieves pain, inflammation, gastrointestinal problems, and depression.
The composition contains the following components:
- cineole,
- camphor,
- borneol,
- alpha pinel,
- rosmarinic acid,
- rosemanol,
- carnosol.
It also contains carnosolic acid, a natural antioxidant that neutralizes free radicals. It is even included in some medications (Canephron N). The compound promotes cell regeneration and slows down the aging process. It supports mental abilities and normalizes digestion.
Rosemary: beneficial properties of the seasoning, application, possible harm
The seasoning has a strong taste and distinctive aroma. It contains antioxidants, essential oils, and other valuable substances. It is a rich source of biologically active compounds with anti-inflammatory and antibacterial effects.
Phytoncides neutralize up to 80% of microbes in the room.
Other beneficial properties of rosemary:
- relieves pain during menstruation,
- normalizes the menstrual cycle,
- increases the secretion of gastric juice,
- has a beneficial effect on intestinal function,
- relieves pain during inflammatory processes in the gums and teeth,
- tones the skin,
- has an antimicrobial effect.
Preparations based on rosemary relieve spasms and prevent the formation of urinary stones. In addition, they support the immune system and restore strength after infectious diseases. When applied externally, the product accelerates the healing of infected wounds.
Rosemary has the following effects:
- antioxidant,
- diuretic,
- tonic,
- antitussive,
- choleretic.
Improves mood and helps you concentrate
The scent of rosemary is considered a cognitive stimulant. It makes you feel alert and focused. Its components have a neuroprotective effect. They prevent the breakdown of acetylcholine, a chemical responsible for memory and learning.
This was proven by researchers from the Brain, Performance and Nutrition Research Center (Northumbria University, UK). More details about the work can be found on the pages of Ther Adv Psuchopharmacol for June 2012.
And scientists from Thailand associate the improvement in mood under the influence of aroma with a decrease in the level of cortisol, the “stress hormone.” Their work was published in Sci Pharm, April-June 2013.
Protects the liver
Doctors from King Abdulaziz University (Saudi Arabia) studied the effect of spices on the development of liver cirrhosis. Experiments on animals have shown that rosemary in combination with olive extract has a pronounced hepatoprotective property. It slows down the development of the disease and suppresses destructive changes in the organ.
Scientists attribute the effect to the antioxidant properties of the bioactive components that make up the leaves. The work was published in the journal Saudi J Biol Sci (March 2015).
Good for digestion
Officinalis rosemary stimulates digestive processes and is effective against flatulence. When used internally, it improves stomach function, helps with intestinal spasms, and problems with the gallbladder. The released phytoncides (plant antibiotics) suppress the proliferation of dangerous microorganisms.
Rosemary essential oil
The product is obtained from branches and leaves by steam distillation. The aroma is warm, soft, cozy. Sometimes spicy, bitter notes are felt.
Oil is a strong antiseptic. External use helps get rid of acne, acne, and other skin diseases. It accelerates the healing of wounds, cuts, purulent inflammations. You should not take it internally. It can cause irritation of the stomach and intestines.
The invigorating aroma relieves physical fatigue, helps with mental stress, relieves apathy, and supports the nervous system. The product treats bronchitis and depression. A few drops will relieve nervous tension and give strength.
The bright smell improves blood circulation in the brain. As a result, it is possible to remember more information and increase mental productivity. It is also a good remedy for migraines and insomnia.
Possible risks
Rosemary is not indicated for children, pregnant women or breastfeeding women. Caution should be exercised in case of hypertension, hypersensitivity, and a tendency to allergic reactions.
According to the US Food and Drug Administration, consuming rosemary as a spice (in moderation) is considered safe. In excess, it sometimes causes stomach upset, vomiting, cramps, or changes in blood pressure.
Rosemary affects diuresis and blood clotting. This means it could potentially interact with some medications. Talk to your doctor about its use if you are taking:
- anticoagulants,
- diuretics,
- ACE inhibitors,
- lithium preparations.
For any chronic diseases, use rosemary carefully, after consulting your doctor.
Rosemary officinalis: application in cosmetology
The medicinal plant is used in the form of an aqueous extract or essential oil. They are often included in anti-cellulite programs. Active components improve blood circulation, disinfect, and tone the skin.
The leaves contain several types of antioxidants. The most pronounced effect is produced by rosmarinic acid. This ester penetrates well through the epidermis. It rejuvenates, maintains a healthy complexion, and quickly relieves inflammation.
Cosmetics with rosemary extract have a beneficial effect on dry, problematic and aging facial skin. They help get rid of pigmentation, premature wrinkles, and dryness.
Rosemary is a common ingredient in anti-acne formulas. It regulates sebum production and suppresses the proliferation of microbes. But it is used not only for facial care.
It brings great benefits to the scalp and hair. To improve their health, it is recommended to make a decoction of equal parts of nettle and rosemary and rinse your hair with it after washing. The procedure strengthens hair follicles, gives healthy shine to hair, and prevents hair loss.
Rosemary essential oil
This product is made by steam distillation. It is extracted from flowering twigs and leaves. The oil has a fresh, bitter aroma and a clear or light yellow color.
At home, it is used for skin care (lightening age spots, resolving scars) and hair, as an aromatic product for an aroma lamp or bath. Inhaling this aroma allows you to get rid of headaches, improve concentration, cope with depression and nervous shock.
Rosemary (spice): use in folk medicine
Decoctions, infusions, and extracts are used for medicinal purposes. Rosemary has a tonic effect on blood vessels and the nervous system. It is often prescribed by herbalists and naturopaths for hypotension, kidney problems, and liver disease.
It has been noticed that the plant relieves intestinal spasms and improves blood circulation. Compresses and rubbing are used externally for rheumatism or joint problems.
Young shoots and leaves are used as an astringent. They cope well with hot flashes during menopause, heart pain, and intestinal colic.
Adding seasoning to food increases the secretion of gastric juice, improves appetite, and stimulates digestive processes.
The tonic effect of rosemary baths is known. They are prepared like this:
- Two tablespoons of green raw materials are poured with a liter of water.
- Bring to a boil.
- They insist for half an hour.
- Strain and squeeze.
- The decoction is added to a filled warm bath.
The procedure is taken in the first half of the day for no more than a quarter of an hour. It is believed to help with loss of appetite and nervous exhaustion. An evening bath can lead to sleep disturbances.
Rosemary tincture
It was invented by medieval healers to treat sore joints and bruises. To prepare, pour 50 grams of fresh seasoning with a glass of vodka. Soak for 10 days in a dark place, then strain and squeeze. Use externally.
Historical facts
For the first time, rosemary, like many other medicinal or spicy plants, became known in Ancient Egypt, Rome and Greece. It was also one of many sacred plants. It was very often used in various historical or religious rituals; with its help, evil spirits were expelled from homes. It was believed that the Greek gods decorated themselves with wreaths of blooming rosemary and simply adored this plant. That is why the Greeks very often did the same thing: they wove wreaths from a flowering plant or its greenery and decorated their heads with them. This was especially popular among philosophers and writers: it was believed that such a wreath could refresh the mind and inspire new ideas.
In addition, it is considered a symbol of prosperity and abundance, so it is very often used to attract good luck and is given to newlyweds so that the family is strong and the house is full.
The Greeks considered rosemary to be a plant of Venus, since, in their opinion, it was able to make a person happy, cheerful and carefree, as well as inspire deeds of love. In addition, it was used as a remedy against bad dreams and to prolong the freshness of youth of the soul and body.
Rosemary was a must-have plant in the home of a person who was ill, as it was believed to tonify the body. For the sake of preventing various diseases, it has become a mandatory attribute of large gatherings of people, for example during holidays or public processions. This opinion is absolutely fair, because rosemary contains substances that prevent the development of pathogenic bacteria in the body.
Rosemary (seasoning): application, what dishes to add to?
The aromatic additive can be combined with many products. It is used to make herbal tea, which is very soothing and relaxing. Hindus add it to soups and drinks. In the cuisines of Europe and the Middle East, the seasoning is added to meat dishes, fruit salads, snacks made from white and red cabbage, and beans.
Where to add rosemary:
- in marinades;
- pasta;
- poultry, lamb and pork dishes;
- stew;
- casseroles;
- with fish, potatoes, stewed vegetables.
Rosemary is a valuable herb, but should be dosed carefully. For 2 servings of salad, place no more than 5-6 fresh leaves (1 small sprig) or 1/5 teaspoon of dry mixture.
The seasoning goes well with vegetable soups, mushroom sauces, as well as cheese, eggs, and baked goods. It also brings out the flavor of turkey and chicken.
How to make rosemary tea?
The warming drink is consumed during seasonal infections, as well as to restore strength and overcome fatigue. It increases the protective function, helps with toothache and stomach cramps.
For 250 ml of water (2 servings), prepare a teaspoon of chopped herbs (preferably fresh). Then do this:
- Rinse the teapot with boiling water.
- Place the seasoning there.
- Pour boiling water over it.
- Close and let sit for 10-15 minutes.
- Pour into cups.
To enhance the taste, you can add lavender, honey or a slice of orange. Drinking 2 cups per day is safe for most. But be careful if you have allergies or take medications. Tea is a great tonic, so I don’t recommend getting carried away with it in the evenings.
Rosemary wine
Place 10-20 g of fresh rosemary leaves in a bottle and fill with dry red wine. Leave for 5 days, then strain. The drink should be taken once a day, one glass. In therapeutic doses, the drink normalizes metabolic processes, strengthens the heart muscle, and enhances the secretion of digestive enzymes. It also improves immunity and improves sleep.
