Cream honey or whipped honey - what is it and how is it produced?

It is unlikely that you will find in old books on beekeeping the answer to the question of what cream honey is. The first explanation that comes to mind why this white product received such a name is because of its delicate creamy structure. And it is clear that man had a hand in this, because honey in a whipped state does not exist in nature.

Canadian beekeepers came up with this miracle technology back in 1928. Americans, Canadians and Europeans not only prefer a white creamy product to regular honey because of its taste, tenderness and ease of use, but they almost completely refuse to consume shriveled candied honey. And beekeepers in these countries have no choice but to mix most of the resulting products and establish mass production of whipped honey.

Cream honey appeared on the Russian market not so long ago, but many honey lovers are already interested in this product. It is becoming incredibly popular and is being used as an alternative to liquid or candied treats.

Treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infection and bee venom

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) is the causative agent of coronavirus disease 2021 (COVID-19), a respiratory infection that was first detected in Wuhan province in China in late 2021 and became a global pandemic in 2020. COVID-19 poses enormous public health challenges, including a large number of asymptomatic cases. Scientists are looking for various ways to combat the infection. The scientific review “Bee venom and SARS-CoV-2”, published by the scientific publishing house Elsevier, is devoted to the ability of domestic bee venom to resist the epidemic.

Course of the COVID-19 disease

Severe SARS-CoV-2 infections are characterized by cytokine storm syndrome, hyperinflammation, and multiple organ failure. Host cells are infected through the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE-2) receptor, which is associated with both innate and acquired immunity. ACE2 is thought to enhance viral replication and host cell invasion and is a major component of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS), interacting with cardiovascular enzymes to trigger a cascade of cardiovascular disease. ACE2 may be the reason why patients with SARS-CoV-2 require pharmacological thrombosis prophylaxis. The pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 involves viral binding to epithelial cells and local spread with minimal innate immune response.

The second stage of infection is characterized by increased spread of the virus, an active immune response, spread of the virus to the lower respiratory tract and may include the cardiovascular and digestive systems.

The third stage involves hypoxia, infiltration of the entire respiratory system, and finally acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), which is potentially fatal. SARS-CoV-2 is associated with coagulopathies, thrombotic events, and lymphocyte depletion.

Coronavirus treatment protocols

There is currently no generally accepted alternative treatment protocol for SARS-CoV-2, although the administration of polyclonal antibodies shows some promise. The effectiveness of chloroquine and its derivatives in preventing COVID-19 is ongoing, as is famotidine, an antiulcer drug given in high doses for 14 days to control SARS-CoV-2 infection. Remdesivir, which was previously used to treat Middle East respiratory syndrome-Coronavirus (MERS-CoV), has been investigated as a drug candidate against SARS-CoV-2. Lopinavir/ritonavir combinations, commonly used to prevent HIV/AIDS, are also being studied for effectiveness against SARS-CoV-2.

Using poison as medicine

Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), common in snakes, insects, arachnids, and centipedes, have also been considered for SARS-CoV-2. Bee venom may act as ACE2 inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs), although research on bee venom and SARS-CoV-2 is sparse. Snake venom is known to act through phospholipase A2 (PLA2) to produce arachidonic acid, which causes hypotension. In humans, Hymenoptera venom reduces key parameters of the RAAS. The combination of bee venom and propolis has been associated with hypotension in laboratory animals due to decreased serum angiotensin levels, demonstrating a close relationship between bee venom and the ACE2 pathway.

How to distinguish cream honey from fake?

Creamy honey - what is it? Essentially the same bee product, just whipped. But scammers turn the changes in texture to their advantage: instead of selling a natural treat, they sell counterfeits based on thickeners.

How to determine that this is whipped cream honey of natural origin:

• If possible, open the jar to smell the contents. Even when whipped, high-quality honey does not lose its characteristic fragrant aroma.
• do not choose desserts with added nuts, zest, mint or other ingredients. Using flavorings, a producer may try to hide unripe or fermented honey.
• carefully inspect the contents of the jar. It should be uniform, without any separation in color or thickness.
• the color of cream honey can be milky or white, but certainly not snow-white. If you are looking at a jar with the contents of such an impeccable shade, it is likely that you are looking at a beautiful fake.

The best way to be sure of the right choice is to buy cream honey from trusted beekeepers. In the online store “Sviy honey” we prepare a high-quality product in our apiary and, as proof, we are ready to provide you with a full package of documents confirming this.

Biological variability of bee venom composition

Toxicity of bee venom

Bees and wasps belong to the order Hymenoptera insects. Hymenoptera venom causes toxic or allergic reactions, mainly caused by biochemical compounds associated with local inflammatory effects. Bites protect the colony in all insects of the order Hymenoptera. Bees have the greatest amount of poison. Melittin is the best known compound responsible for these allergic reactions, although the combination of mast cells with IgE causes the activity of leukotrienes, histamines and platelet activating factors during allergic reactions.

Hymenoptera venoms contain dopamine, epinephrine, hyaluronidase, norepinephrine, serotonin, histamine, phospholipases A and B, but only bee venoms contain mast cell degranulating peptide, melittin and apamin. Bees of different types; Apis mellifera mellifera and Apis mellifera ligustica (in Europe) and Apis mellifera scutellate (in Africa) are capable of poisoning humans to varying degrees. The average lethal dose of bee venom ranges from 2.8 to 3.5 mg/kg body weight, and on average 140–150 μg of bee venom is injected during a sting. The chances of death from multiple bee stings are minimal in non-allergic people, and the severity of poisoning is properly dependent on the body weight, age and immune status of the victim. The number of stings and any previous sensitization to bee venom influence the severity of the poisoning.

After the sting, the bee freed itself from the sting. The sting, remaining in the body, continues to exude poison.

Composition of bee venom

Bee venom is a transparent, colorless, odorless, watery liquid with a pH of 4.5–5.5 with a bitter taste, and in some cases with a pungent decorative odor. The composition of bee venom is influenced by extraction methods due to its volatility.

The venom of Apis mellifera is probably the most studied venom of the Hymenoptera. The venom of all Apis species is similar in composition and quality. A. florea, the honey bee, is the smallest in its family, and A. dorsata is the largest. The venom of Apis cerana is twice as toxic as that of Apis mellifera. In the venom glands of A. dorsata, A. cerana, A. mellifera, A. florea, differences were observed in the composition of the venom glands and the secretion of the venom sac, as well as in the concentration of lipids, proteins, acid phosphatase and hexokinase activities. The compositions of lipids, proteins, carbohydrates and alkaline phosphatase were found to be similar in A. cerana, A. mellifera, A. florea. Glycogen was absent in both the venom gland and the venom sac of Apis species.

The variability in the composition of bee venom depends on the species, age, geographic location and condition. Young worker bees have lower concentrations of melittin and histamine and higher concentrations of apamin than older worker bees. Queen bees have low concentrations of melittin and apamin and high concentrations of histamine. APi M reaches its peak when the bee is about 28 days old and decreases with age. PLA2 levels peak around the 10th day of birth. African bees secrete small amounts of venom upon stinging, with high concentrations of PLA2 and decreased concentrations of melittin and hyaluronidase. Seasonal variations in bee venom composition have been reported; for example, APi M production increases in winter but decreases in summer.

cream honey

Chemistry of the process

Honey contains a large number of different sugars - fructose, glucose, sucrose, maltose, dextrins (in total, there are almost 25 different sugars in the chemical formula of honey). Their percentage reaches 80%. The remaining part is water – 15~20%.

Crystallization of honey depends on several factors. But the most significant role is played by two factors - the content of both water and glucose in honey. It is glucose that can turn into crystals, i.e. honey is “candied”. Fructose, which makes up the largest portion of honey, does not crystallize at all.

And if the balance in the composition of honey is disturbed towards fructose, then the honey is not candied for a long time or may not be candied at all - fructose is located between the glucose crystals, preventing them from uniting and growing. But even in candied honey, you can see the liquid part on top of the hardened honey - this is fructose.

When preparing cream honey from candied honey, you need to use exactly the crystallized part, without touching the top layer of fructose. Storage temperature also affects the sugaring of honey. The optimal temperature for the growth of glucose crystals is 14~15°C.

At temperatures below +4°C and above +27°C, honey practically does not crystallize. Therefore, when preparing cream honey in production, the honey is kept at this temperature for about a month, whisking it daily to break large crystals into smaller ones.

The process is approximately the same as when preparing ice cream - during freezing, large water crystals are crushed into small ones, which is why the ice cream has such a delicate and airy consistency. At home, it is enough to put a “seed” in the form of crystallized honey into liquid honey and beat the resulting mass.

The result will be the same cream honey as the factory one, but it is less durable - after a week or a week and a half it either begins to separate into liquid and solid parts or begins to form large crystals, i.e. standardly sugared.

Preparation of cream honey

To prepare cream honey, you need to take two honeys of different degrees of sugaring - liquid, fresh and solid, infused.

If you only have solid candied honey, heat it a little in a water bath or in the microwave until it becomes liquid. Heat to no more than 40°C. After heating, place the warm honey in the refrigerator for 20~30 minutes until it cools down to 14~15°C.

If you have honey with a medium degree of crystallization, i.e. it began to thicken, crystals are felt when eating, but it still does not hold its shape, then this honey can be used without heating and without adding solid honey. Place both types of honey in a bowl - liquid and candied.

Beat with a mixer for 7~10 minutes until white.

You can also use a blender with a bowl. You need to beat the honey in a blender for about 5 minutes.

If the honey was light yellow, then the color of cream honey will be milky white. If the honey was dark, the color will vary from yellowish to flesh-cream. When whipping, the volume of honey practically does not change.

The consistency of honey after whipping will be fluid, but it will become a little thicker than before whipping.

Transfer the resulting whipped honey into a glass jar with a lid and put it in the refrigerator.

After cooling, the cream honey will thicken and stop forming thin threads.

You can put it on toast and it won't spread.

You can also watch:

recipe published July 16, 2021

Kopikot.ru - new promotional codes and discounts for online purchases!

(recipe calorie calculation)

Source: https://www.good-cook.ru/proth/proth_234.shtml

The effect of bee venom on the body

Bee venom therapy dates back to the era of Hippocrates, where it was used to relieve joint pain and arthritis. In modern medicine, bee venom is used to treat multiple sclerosis, arthritis and Parkinson's disease. The activity is based on the positive effects of the anaphylactic reaction on metabolism and organelles, especially the respiratory system. Bee venom demonstrates effectiveness against HIV , and its effectiveness against H1N1 provides hope for additional therapy for protection against SARS-CoV-2. Allergens may help fight COVID-19. Bee venom can cause an increase in specific IgE and IgG antibodies and leads to the production of IgE antibodies that can react to various antigens. Although IgE is responsible for allergy outbreaks, it also plays a protective role against a wide range of allergens.

Bee venom can act as an adjuvant in combination with Toll-like receptor (TLR) ligands and modulate the immune system, enhance the differentiation of foxP3-expressing cells and increase circulating regulatory T cells. Bee venom causes an increase in CD25, CD4+ T cells, and foxP3 mRNA, resulting in a shift in the bee venom-specific IgG4/IgE ratio.

Bee venom regulates the immune response and physiopathological changes and supports clinical observations in apitherapy, where immunity against COVID-19 was shown by beekeepers in Wuhan Province, People's Republic of China.

Phospholipase A2 (PLA2) bee venom can trigger mast cell maturation, plays an important role in cell signaling and for the production of key lipids, and can act as a receptor ligand. PLA2 can inhibit the flow of inflammatory cells to targets.

Bee venom can lead to long-term induced tolerance to related allergens, such as the function of reducing IgG4 levels and activating IL-10, modulating the immune system and inducing TH2 to TH1 bias.

Melittin (APi M 1) can be used to create mimotopes. The bee venom component APi M 10 (icarapine) activates effector cells in patients with bee venom allergy. Since IgE has an epitope for APi M 10, this may provide an opportunity for adjuvant development. Bee venom antigens can be used as adjuvants for pain relief, and the effect of melittin on the formation of cell membrane pores, leading to apoptosis, serves to enhance adjuvant properties.

Bee venom also has antiviral properties. Bee venom can desensitize mast cells and basophils and suppress innate lymphoid cells. Bee venom components can inhibit protein synthesis, induce angiogenesis, and activate caspase-3-8-9.

Toxicity of bee venom against COVID-19

Bee venom is cytotoxic at high doses, however non-cytotoxic concentrations of bee venom ranging from 1 to 3 μg/ml show significant therapeutic potential. Low doses, controlled concentrations and diluted bee venom produce a range of anti-inflammatory responses and are used to treat diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis (RA), heart disease, obesity, asthma, skin diseases and diseases of the central nervous system, nervous system diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease and sclerosis. At low doses, bee venom can suppress inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-8, interferon-γ (IFN-γ), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). Reductions in signaling pathways responsible for the activation of inflammatory cytokines such as nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK1/2) and protein kinase Akt and lipopolysaccharide (PgLPS)-treated human keratinocytes were associated with treatments including bee venom

Bee venom has been used as an anti-inflammatory agent by combining bee venom compounds, i.e. secretory phospholipase A2, with phosphatidylinositol bisphosphate or cells, mainly dendritic cells (DCs), or combining bee venom with DCs. Conjugation of hormone receptors and gene therapy transporters to bee venom peptides as a useful new targeted therapy to positively modulate immune responses has been applied in antitumor and anti-inflammatory therapy.

The bees left their stings on the beekeeper's hand. Three bee stings are a good “vaccination”!

Immune responses to bee venom are toxic in high doses, but when controlled or diluted (controlled concentrations), these immune responses can serve as immunomodulators. Controlled allergic immunity may be useful in protecting the patient from antigens and pathogens, including RNA viruses. Bee venom can stimulate type 2 immune responses, type 2 immunity is initiated by antibodies to T cells (T helper cells type 2) and immunoglobulin (Ig (IgE and IgG1), as well as the action of the innate immune system such as epithelium and white blood cells and serves as a protective barrier to eliminate antigens. Group III BV SPLA2 exhibits effects on the immune system in vitro and in vivo. Modulated immune responses from bee venom may alleviate immunological diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory diseases, asthma and Parkinson's disease. Innate immune system induces protective immune response against bee venom antigens through pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), including Toll-like receptors found in molecular patterns associated with pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs).Bee venom in therapeutic disease is an anti-inflammatory agent that reduces the number of infiltrated inflammatory cells and the expression of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, Toll-like receptor (TLR) 2 inhibition and CD14. Bee venom also inhibits nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and activator protein (AP)-1 binding potential. The human IL-1 receptor (anakinra) also exhibits anti-inflammatory activity, but information linking this receptor and bee venom remains sparse.

Bee venom phospholipase 2 (bvPLA2) is a major bee venom allergen and stimulates the innate immune system by binding to pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), such as Toll-like receptors, which recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), triggering a type 2 immune response. . bvPLA2 induces T helper cell and group 2 innate lymphoid cell (ILC2)-type responses, which are facilitated by the enzymatic breakdown of membrane phospholipids and the secretion of IL-33. bvPLA2 also induces the production of IgE, which has been shown to protect against future allergic/immunological reactions (in the case of a lethal dose of bee venom). PLA2 plays a vital role in patient protection in Th2 differentiation, ILC2 activation, immunoglobulin production, membrane remodeling and anti-inflammatory responses.

Bee venom shows a positive immunomodulatory role, reducing tumor progression and activating the immune system by combining bvPLA2 with phosphatidylinositol (3,4)-bisphosphate or cells, mainly dendritic cells (DCs). DCs produced with bee venom in vivo have both anticancer and antiviral properties. DCs, in combination with tumor or viral antigens, produce major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I and II peptide epitopes for CD8 and CD4 T lymphocytes.

PLA2 (bvPLA2-H34Q) binds to the membrane and in vivo combines antigens with the membrane of human DC cells, causing stimulation of CD8 T cells, and antiviral and antitumor vaccines (DC vaccine) can be produced from bee venom using DCs. These cell-based antiviral/antitumor vaccines are used during immunization against viruses, including cytomegalovirus, and for tumor suppression. Bee venom is a well-known adjuvant-enhanced antimicrobial and antitumor vaccine. Melittin, bvPLA2 and phosphatidylinositol-(3,4)-bisphosphate are effective adjuvants against leishmania, antitumor and anticytomegalovirus vaccines. Conjugation of bee venom peptides to hormone receptors and gene therapy can positively modulate immune responses. Targeted antitumor and anti-inflammatory treatment methods are used.

Bee venom can be used as an analgesic in controlled doses; inhibition of cyclooxygenase activity and blocking of the prostaglandin synthetase system, resulting in antipyretic, anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive/analgesic cascades. In diluted form, bee venom can cause antinociceptive effects through α-adrenergic receptors (activation of spinal α-adrenergic receptors). Conjugation of bee venom peptides to protein receptors such as hormones and peptide transport genes provides innovative bee venom-controlled anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive and immunomodulatory therapies.

Recipe with royal jelly

To saturate the cream honey with additional healing qualities, royal jelly is added to it. The preparation technology differs only in that during the process of mixing honey, royal jelly is added in an amount of 1% of the total volume of the product. So, for 500 grams of starting material you will need about 7 grams of milk.

People with diseases such as:

• anemia,
• exhaustion of the body,
• immunodeficiency states,
• oxygen starvation,
• heart and vascular diseases,
• inflammatory processes,
• sexual dysfunction,
• autoimmune diseases,
• renal failure.

Since dessert is a strong allergen and has a high calorie content, it should be consumed in small portions. One teaspoon per day is enough.

Pharmacodynamics of bee venom components

Bee venom contains enzymes (phospholipase A2 (PLA2), phospholipase B, hyaluronidases, acid phosphatases, acid phosphomonesterases, α-D-glucosidases and lysophospholipases); peptides (lytic peptide melittin, apamin, degranulating peptide of mast cells (mast cells), secapin, pamin, minimin, procamine A, B, protease inhibitor, trettiapine, cardiopep and adolapine); and amino acids include g-aminobutyric acid and a-amino acid. Non-peptide components include amines (dopamine, histamine, norepinephrine, neurotransmitters), carbohydrates (glucose, fructose), pheromones (isopentyl acetate; n-butyl acetate; isopentanol; n-hexyl acetate; n-octyl acetate; 2-nonanol; n-decyl acetate; benzyl acetate; benzyl alcohol; and (2) -11-eicosen-1-ol).

Bee venom has been shown to have anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive, antioxidant and anti-apoptotic properties and has been shown to alter gene expression and fibrosis. Side effects include pro-inflammation (higher doses of PLA2, mast cell degranulating peptides, hemolytic compounds (melittin)), allergic reactions to protease inhibitors and peptides, anaphylactic reactions and death.

Multiple protein allergens in bee venom are responsible for the allergic reaction. Allergic reactions can occur in the respiratory system, gastrointestinal tract, cardiovascular system, skin from bites and can lead to severe anaphylactic shock, sometimes leading to cerebral or myocardial ischemia. The non-immune-mediated mechanism of bee venom allergy involves the production of the mediators bradykinin (BK), which leads to anaphylaxis as a result of activation of PLA2 by melittin (mimicking BK).

Useful qualities

Despite its unusual consistency and taste, cream honey has the following beneficial properties:

• antimicrobial;
• antibacterial;
• antioxidant;
• immunostimulating;
• calming;
• anti-inflammatory.

The cream is whipped cold, so the beneficial microelements are not destroyed. Nuts, wild berries and goji berries only add beneficial qualities to this cream. The simplicity of creating cream honey makes it a universal medicine and a delicacy for everyone. If you stock up on such a product for the winter, colds will bypass you and your family.

Bee venom in the treatment of cancer

Bee venom has been studied for cancer; melittin is considered cytolytic but nonspecific. Melittin can disrupt the lipid bilayer of the membrane and exhibits toxicity when administered intravenously. APi M has the ability to suppress tumor growth in breast, liver, prostate and lung cancer cells. In vitro and in vivo studies indicate that melittin can suppress cancer cell growth by inhibiting NF-κB signaling and activating caspase 3 and 9 pathways. Inhibition of hepatocellular carcinoma cell motility has been observed in vitro and in vivo through inhibition of Rac1-dependent pathways.

Technology

Important: Natural honey does not always remain in a fluid state for a long enough time. But there are ways that delay the hardening process of the sweet product.

If honey is constantly at a temperature from plus 4 to 28 C, the crystallization process begins. The size of the crystals depends on the temperature; the higher it is, the larger the crystal itself will be. During the process of whipping the natural product, its structure begins to change, becoming soft and tender. This is impossible to achieve in nature.

Anti-inflammatory potential of bee venom

Low doses of bee venom produce a range of anti-inflammatory responses that have been studied in diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis (RA), heart disease, obesity, asthma, skin diseases and diseases associated with the central nervous system (Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, etc.) sclerosis). Bee venom suppresses inflammatory cytokines, including interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-8, interferon-γ (IFN-γ), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). Reductions in signaling pathways responsible for the activation of inflammatory cytokines, nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK1/2), protein kinase Akt, and human Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide (PgLPS) keratinocytes are associated with melittin treatment (65 ) (Fig. 2).

The body's response to bee venom

Bee venom therapy may alleviate immune diseases. Bee venom secretory phospholipase A2 exhibits in vitro and in vivo activity in the immune system and is used to treat asthma, Parkinson's disease, and drug-induced organ inflammation. Immune reactions to bee venom can be dangerous when highly elevated, but when controlled, allergic immunity can be beneficial in human defense to stimulate type 2 immune responses. Type 2 immunity is mainly based on barrier defense, and these responses are initiated by T helper type 2 (TH2), immunoglobulins E and G1 (IgE and IgG1), antibodies and other components of the innate immune system (epithelial barriers, innate lymphoid) cells - ILC , eosinophils, mast cells, basophils and activated macrophages). The innate immune system senses venom components, inducing a protective immune response against antigens through pattern recognition receptors (PROs), such as Toll-like receptors found on pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs).

The anti-inflammatory properties of bee venom can suppress the activity of inflammatory antigens, reduce the number of infiltrated inflammatory cells, and suppress the expression of (TNF)-α, IL-1β, Toll-like receptor (TLR) 2, and CD14 expression. , inhibiting the binding activity of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and activator protein (AP)-1. The major allergen of Bet V 1, PLA2, stimulates the innate immune system by binding to PRRs, such as Toll-like receptors, which recognize PAMPs, inducing a type 2 immune response. PLA2 in BV induces T helper 2 (Th2) cell type responses and group 2 innate lymphoid cell (ILC2) activation through enzymatic degradation of membrane phospholipids and secretion of IL-33. PLA2 induces IgE production, protecting against future allergic/immunological reactions in the event of a lethal dose of bee venom; PLA2 plays a critical role in human defense by enhancing Th2 differentiation, ILC2 activation, immunoglobulin production, membrane remodeling, and anti-inflammatory responses.

Bee venom vaccines

Bee venom can suppress tumor progression and activate the immune system by combining the secretory phospholipase A2 in BV with compounds including phosphatidylinositol (3,4)-bisphosphate or dendritic cells (DCs). DCs treated with bee venom in vivo exhibit anticancer and antiviral properties. DCs in combination with tumor or viral antigens can produce class I and class II major histocompatibility complex peptide epitopes on CD8 and CD4 T lymphocytes, leading to a series of immune responses in response to the antigens. Phospholipase A2 BV (bvPLA2-H34Q) is membrane bound and binds antigens within the cell membrane of human DCs in vivo. This induces recognition and activation of CD8 T cells, implying that antiviral and antitumor vaccines can be derived from bee venom (DC vaccine).

Bee venom and DC vaccines (cellular antiviral/antitumor vaccines) are used for immunization against viruses such as cytomegalovirus and for tumor suppression. Bee venom can be used as a potent adjuvant-enhanced antimicrobial and antitumor vaccine and shows potential in melittin-containing vaccines. sPLA2 and phosphatidylinositol (3,4)-bisphosphate are effective adjuvants (leishmania vaccines, antitumor and anticytomegalovirus vaccines).

The leading adjuvant therapy for SARS-CoV-2 currently being promoted is aluminum hydroxide due to its slow release and increased interaction with antigen-presenting cells.

Bee venom is a candidate for combating SARS-CoV-2 infections and may provide benefits against COVID-19. PLA2 has been associated with the level of success in controlling SARS-CoV-2 infections. Conjugation of bee venom peptides may offer a new approach to developing a bee venom vaccine.

Is it worth buying?

Why do some beekeepers whip honey instead of letting it crystallize naturally? They pursue the following goals:

• They want to give honey a better consistency and a new taste, master new techniques and introduce innovative ideas in creating this product.
• The marketing move is to adjust the condition of honey to consumer needs.

Fans of this delicacy claim that whipped honey has the best taste and it is difficult to find fault with its quality. Many people like real cream honey. It is known that, taking advantage of the demand for a new product, some honey sellers, under the guise of a natural product, slip a surrogate to gullible buyers, passing off cream honey from inexpensive varieties as a rare and expensive variety.

In this case, it is much easier to do, since when creating it you can add syrup, flavorings, and various additives. It is easier to hide unripe and overheated honey. How to protect yourself from counterfeits when choosing whipped honey is a difficult question. Perhaps the most effective way is to purchase cream honey from trusted beekeepers whom the buyer trusts.

Link between bee venom proteins and COVID-19 proteins

SARS-CoV-2 belongs to the genus β-coronaviruses. SARS-CoV-2 has four apparent structural proteins: membrane, spike, nucleocapsid, and envelope proteins. The structural integrity of the SARS-CoV-2 virus is maintained by structural proteins and forms a protective shell around its RNA. The coronavirus membrane contains 3 or 4 viral proteins, the membrane glycoprotein is the most abundant structural protein and spans the membrane bilayer three times, with a long COOH tail inside the virion and a short NH2-terminal domain outside the virus. The SARS-CoV-2 genome encodes multiple reading frames (ORFs); ORF1a/b encodes 16 non-structural proteins and translates two polyproteins (pp1a and pp1ab), constituting up to 2/3 of the viral RNA. The remaining ORFs encode structural proteins (spike glycoprotein, matrix protein, nucleocapsid protein, and small envelope protein). SARS-CoV-2 has additional proteins that interfere with the body's innate immune response.

The spike protein is typically a type I membrane glycoprotein and is a peplomer known to be involved in antibody interactions. The membrane plays an important role in the intracellular production of viral particles independent of the viral spike. Coronaviruses grow and produce spikeless forms in the presence of tunicamycin, resulting in the formation of non-infectious virions that contain membranes but lack spines.

Melittin can pierce the protective membranes surrounding viruses, including human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Many viruses, including SARS-CoV-2, rely on their protective envelope and may be vulnerable to bee venom therapy under the control of melittin.

Phospholipase A2 components of bee venom have potential antiviral activity. For example, melittin-loaded nanoparticles delivered significant amounts of intravenous melittin to target and eradicate precancerous lesions in K14-HPV16 mice with squamous cell dysplasia and carcinoma containing human papillomavirus (HPV) transgenic elements (E6 and E7 oncogenes).

In Hubei province, the epicenter of the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak in China, a local beekeepers' association surveyed 5,115 beekeepers between February 23 and March 8 (including 723 beekeepers in Wuhan) and found that none of them developed any -or symptoms observed in patients with COVID-19. Five apitherapists in Wuhan and 121 of their patients who received apitherapy between October and December 2021 were interviewed; two apitherapists were exposed without protection to suspected and/or confirmed victims of COVID-19. None of the apitherapists developed symptoms associated with SARS-CoV-2, and none of their 121 patients became infected with COVID 19, despite the fact that three of them had contact with relatives infected with SARS-CoV-2.

In apitherapy, honey bees and their products (bee venom, honey, royal jelly, pollen, propolis, beeswax) are used. Bee venom therapy uses venom to modulate the body's immune system and improve/facilitate healing and involves either the use of live bee stings or injected venom to treat arthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis (MS), lupus, sciatica, low back and joint pain. Hymenoptera products are powerful accelerators of wound healing. Insect venoms are less complex and less varied in composition and physiological activity compared to snake venoms. Bee venom can be administered to induce allergic immune responses that stimulate the body's innate immune system due to the presence of allergens that promote type 2 immune responses. Antiviral and antitumor effects of bee venom, when the secretory phospholipase A2 of bee venom is mixed with other compounds such as phosphatidylinositol-(3,4)-bisphosphate or dendritic cells, and/or bee proteins such as melittin, is preferred and used in the production of antiviral / cell-based antitumor vaccines.

The immunological properties of bee venom are also found in natural products that mimic bee venom, and other natural products could be considered in future studies regarding the role of bee venom as a potential candidate for use in complementary medicine to combat viruses such as SARS-CoV-2 , imitating the activity of bee venom.

Solution

So, you already know what it means to prepare cream honey. You yourself must decide how to create it: according to a simplified scheme, the Canadian method or a quick recipe. In each of the three cases, the product will be covered with small crystals and will become identical to ghee.

It will turn into your favorite dessert, thanks to its delicate aroma, delicate taste and ease of use. Whipped honey is an excellent treat for babies, as its benefits do not change after processing. It does not stain clothes, does not drip from the sandwich, does not need heating, pleasing sweet lovers with its optimal consistency (neither thick nor thin).

The potential of bee venom against coronavirus

The development of adjuvant therapies (using APi M and PLA2) for use against SARS-CoV-2 infections offers a unique approach to viral therapy. The development of a DC-based bee venom vaccine using APi M and bvPLA2 opens new opportunities for additional medical interventions against SARS-CoV-2 infections. Research examining cellular signaling between the bee venom proteins Janus kinase (JAK) and activator of transcription (JAK-STAT) will help strengthen its use in complementary medicine against SARS-CoV-2. JAK inhibitors are associated with improved prognosis in patients with COVID-19, but studies are needed to elucidate the cellular mechanisms. Synergistic activity through combinations in alternative and complementary medicine will help combat side effects associated with current monotherapies for treating SARS-CoV-2 infections. SARS-CoV-2 is a new virus, and new treatments may be needed to support treatment over time, which may be important for supporting the immune response in patients suffering from so-called long COVID.

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Storage

The advantage of natural honey delicacy is the fact that it can be stored for quite a long time. The finished product does not crystallize, separate, or ferment for a long time.

The cream product should be stored similarly to any commercial or mature honey. Keep the product in a tightly sealed container. A necessary condition is a temperature range of +6…+20°C. The shelf life is 1 year.

Read what you need to do if honey is not candied.

To summarize, it is worth noting once again that honey dessert is the same natural product, but with an improved consistency. Only with strict adherence to the temperature regime and the use of natural bee products will it be possible to obtain a tasty and healthy white soufflé with a delicate structure.