Hello everyone, Olga is with you as always, perhaps you will need information on storing food and various things and I will tell you about Objects of Power: what things will attract well-being and prosperity to your home. Maybe some details may differ, as was the case with you. Attention, always read the instructions of the things you buy for cleaning the house or the chemicals that help to store them. I answer the simplest questions. Write your questions/wishes and secrets in the comments, and together we will improve and supplement the quality of the material provided.
Any object in the house has its own energy. Knowing what things can serve as talismans, you can turn your home into a real fortress, reliably protected from negative energy.
Each item in the house is unique and capable of influencing the biofield of its owner. It is for this reason that esotericists recommend immediately throwing away torn things, chipped dishes and unnecessary items.
However, some things only have a positive effect on the energy of the house and its owners. By purchasing such items, you increase the potential of your financial channel and strengthen your cash flow.
Clay dishes. Clay is the strongest natural material, a symbol of prosperity and prosperity. A clay pot, jug or mug, when used regularly, attracts money into the house and preserves acquired wealth from the envy of others.
Image of money. Panels, paintings or installations in which there is an image of money symbolize wealth and tune the energy field to the desired wave. It should be remembered that valuables, money and their images should not be placed in the bedroom: the combination of two energy waves can negatively affect your well-being.
Do you use expired food for cooking at home?
Yes, the main thing is to process it if it is meat or expired kefir for pancakes.
27.04%
No, it is very dangerous and not useful.
37.6%
If the products have fungus or mold, then we throw them away; if they are a couple of days past their expiration date, we use them for food, even without heat or other treatment.
35.36%
Voted: 1694
Container with water. A home decorative waterfall, aquarium or water clock is a powerful magnet for money. Financial energy is very similar to the energy of water. When placing a water source in your home, activate the flow of money by placing a few coins in or near it.
Wheat ears. Grain is the oldest symbol of prosperity. The life and well-being of our ancestors directly depended on the quantity and quality of the harvest. In our time, grain has lost its direct connection with a “well-fed” life and has become a symbol of wealth. To prevent running out of money in the house, place a bouquet of ripened wheat ears in the kitchen or dining room.
Gold decoration. Gold is the most striking embodiment of wealth and luxury. The energy of this metal can restore financial flow and significantly strengthen it. To attract wealth, keep gold jewelry along with your household savings and wear it whenever you need a large sum of money.
You can attract wealth and prosperity into your life with the help of money rituals. We wish you not to be in need, to prosper and to be happy. Good luck, and don't forget to press the buttons and
Clay dishes. Clay is the strongest natural material, a symbol of prosperity and prosperity. A clay pot, jug or mug, when used regularly, attracts money into the house and preserves acquired wealth from the envy of others.
The ancestors believed that evil and good forces are in a constant state of confrontation. In order to appease some and outwit others, special rituals had to be performed. In particular, the Slavs associated wheat with high prosperity - signs advised using it to decorate the house “with meaning.”
Signs about wheat and spikelets
The ancestors believed that evil and good forces are in a constant state of confrontation.
In order to appease some and outwit others, special rituals had to be performed. In particular, the Slavs associated wheat with high prosperity - signs advised using it to decorate the house “with meaning.” Special beregin dolls were stuffed with ripe grains, which the housewives made with their own hands from their undershirts. The most popular cereal was planted in a bowl on the windowsill: a successfully grown ear of bread was called a “money bush.” Subsequently, its roots were cleared of soil and the plant was placed in a clay container, at the bottom of which several coins were thrown - this promised constant prosperity.
Benefits of wheat
Wheat moonshine without yeast at home
Wheat is a source of large amounts of energy. The sugars, fiber and starch it contains are high in carbohydrates.
Products made from wheat have a beneficial effect on the gastrointestinal tract and digestive system as a whole. Wheat derivatives have a stimulating effect on the intestinal muscles and also slow down the absorption of carbohydrates, preventing fat deposits.
B vitamins (particularly B12) are essential for the normal functioning of the nervous system.
Medicine has long recognized wheat grains as a storehouse of vitamin E. Vitamin E cleanses blood vessels and lowers cholesterol levels in the blood, helps normal pregnancy and fetal development, and also helps maintain the muscles of the heart and skeleton in good shape.
Phytoestrogens and selenium, which wheat is also rich in, protect the body from the development of cancer of the breast and internal organs.
Pectin contained in wheat helps remove toxins and harmful substances from the body due to its absorbent effect.
Potassium is one of the microelements that wheat is rich in; it has a beneficial effect on the human circulatory system, nourishes and strengthens the heart.
Gluten, contained in wheat grains, is a high molecular weight protein. It helps normalize the acid-base balance of the epidermis and protects cells from oxidation.
In medicine, wheat germ, wheat oil and juice are used.
The benefits of sprouted wheat for the body
Wheat is one of the most important agricultural crops developed by man. Its importance for humanity is difficult to overestimate.
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An ear of grain is pleasing to the “owner”
Gift to nature
Previously, cereals were harvested manually, using a sickle. The women knitted sheaves, which they took to the barn for subsequent threshing.
- But the “outermost” bunch always remained on the field; it was used as an offering to the spirits of nature.
Usually they took ears of wheat - the signs ordered that such a sheaf should be first decorated, tied with bright ribbons and symbolically handed over to the “owner” of the field (as a sign of gratitude for the generous harvest).
Ears of wheat were part of bouquets that were given to newlyweds for their wedding - this is how they wished them a comfortable life, healthy children and harmony in the family.
There were other “holiday” signs: spikelets of the house were placed in the “red corner” on many church holidays (in particular, on the Savior and Christmas). It was believed that this would help the inhabitants of the home never experience hunger and want.
Home protection
- Bread was made from wheat, and its ancestors revered it above all else. It is no coincidence that they always shared fresh baked goods with the “grandfather” brownie.
- The pot of ears of corn was also pleasing to the chief keeper of the estate and was perceived as a sign of respect and gratitude for the help. Such decoration could well be dry, this did not detract from its beneficial power.
- To maintain an atmosphere of happiness and success, housewives hung bundles of herbs, including wheat, in the corners - in the house (according to legend) this ensured not only a well-fed life, but also harmony.
Unusual wreaths from Irina
It is known that ears of wheat are considered a symbol of harvest and fertility. Irina made this exceptional wreath from ears of wheat. To make it more original, she added the inscription “Welcome” here.
This wreath contains herbs of different colors mixed together. The result was a very extraordinary product. Many of Irina’s clients like this idea.
An autumn wreath looks especially beautiful when it contains many different elements. This is one of the non-trivial variations of the craftswoman, which is made from small twigs, spikelets and leaves. The base is made of physalis, acorns and cones. To highlight the beauty of small details, Irina added bright rowan branches.
This is the simplest, but at the same time effective way to decorate any door. A wreath made from leaves of one type or several looks beautiful. Irina often adds dried artichokes, cones, chestnuts and acorns to the leaves.
A gorgeous wreath can be made in just a couple of hours. If the materials are prepared in advance and the task is clearly defined, then in just 60 minutes. A wonderful way to have a fun fall evening!
Here is another amazing solution by Irina. The wreath is made of wheat ears and lavender branches.
Do you always follow the correct storage of food/medicines and their product proximity?
Yes, of course, this is very important so as not to spend money on your health later.
49.12%
Not really, because there won’t be anything like going to the toilet.
26.32%
I look at it by appearance and if I use anything after heat treatment.
24.56%
Votes: 171
And this is an amazing bright wreath.
Why do you dream about a field of wheat with ears of corn?
Dream books describe many night visions in which wheat appears. It is believed that this is a very favorable sign - regardless of the nuances.
- For single people, pouring ears of corn will lead to a quick and successful marriage.
- For young wives - for the birth of a baby.
- For the poor - to sudden enrichment.
A very happy dream is a wheat field through which a person is walking. If at the same time he touches the ears of corn with his hands, he is guaranteed success in any endeavor!
Wheat smut
The first signs of wheat ear smut disease clearly appear starting from the milky ripeness phase of the grain. At this time, the affected spikelets are somewhat splayed, with a blue-green color. When the affected grain is crushed, a grayish liquid with an unpleasant odor is released. Both individual spikelets and the entire spike may be affected. Affected ears do not bloom.
In the phase of milky-waxy and full ripeness of the grain, the difference in the color of healthy and affected ears disappears. But in the affected spikelet, instead of a caryopsis, a smut sac (sorus) is formed with a fragile shell of the caryopsis, filled with a black mass of teliospores of the pathogen (photo 4). Such bags are easily crushed and weigh significantly less than healthy seeds. Therefore, in the phase of full ripeness, the affected ears often do not bend towards the soil, but remain straight.
The causative agent of the disease is fungi of the genus Tilletia, in particular T. caries (DC.) Tul. & C. Tul. and T. laevis J. G. Kuhn. They have many physiological races adapted to parasitize different varieties.
Infection of plants occurs during the germination of spore seeds, before the seedlings emerge to the soil surface. This is facilitated by cold soil (5 ... 10 ° C) with a humidity of 40-60%. Infectious hyphae of germinated teliospores penetrate the wheat seedling. Subsequently, the fungus spreads into the pericarp of the seed, coleoptile, and growth cone. But by the stage of milky ripeness, no significant difference is observed between healthy and affected plants.
The source of head smut infection is contaminated wheat seeds. The seed becomes clogged during harvesting, threshing, transportation and drying of the crop.
Diagnosis of wheat ear infection with smut disease
Regular phytopathological examination of crops makes it possible to establish the dynamics of the infestation of various varieties in order to make further decisions on the use of fungicides and the placement of grain batches on the drain. The degree of damage to the ear by fusarium, septoria and olive mold is determined on a 5-point scale (Table 1).
When inspecting crops, at least 100 plants are selected evenly in different places along the diagonal of the field. The spread (P,%) and development (R,%) of the disease are determined by the formulas:
P = (n/N) × 100,
R = (Σn × b / N × 4) × 100,
where: n is the number of diseased spikelets (pcs.); N—total number of counting ears (pieces); Σn × b is the sum of the products of the number of ears by the corresponding damage score; 4 is the highest point on a 5-point scale.
It is also important to take into account the presence of mycotoxins, fusarium and soot grain in a batch of wheat grain, depending on its purpose (Table 2)
Is it possible to keep ears of wheat at home?
All magical traditions treat grain with respect. And this came from the past, when people were heavily dependent on nature and the harvest. Now we can go to the supermarket and buy vegetables and fruits from different countries at any time, but people of the past were deprived of this opportunity. The use of grains in magic was driven by survival, not just for someone else's fun.
Despite the fact that the world has changed, the relevance of using grain in magical practice has not faded away, but has passed through the centuries and even transformed. Yes, magic evolves, but its foundation remains unchanged.
Symbolism of grain
Plant grains contain enormous power, which allows them to be preserved for a long time, up to several years, and, when conditions are right, to revive, grow, develop and give new life. Grain is a symbol of life itself.
Grain is a kind of matrix of life. It must “die”, falling into the ground, and be reborn, giving new life in a new quality. The symbol of dying and further rebirth permeates the myths of all peoples of the world and religious teachings.
Grain is a symbol of fertility, wealth and prosperity. There is still such a ritual for newlyweds when they are sprinkled with grains so that their family has prosperity. In different cultures, wheat, rye, rice, etc. are used for this. Although not all grains are suitable for this, for example, millet in Russia in the old days was used only for a ritual in a cemetery: the grain was scattered on the grave so that birds would peck it, thereby making the path of the deceased easier in the afterlife.
The list of conspiracies and rituals using grain is very rich. Rituals with grain can help both attract wealth, health, success, harmony in the family, and deprive all of this using the same grain. One of the most common sources of spoilage is grain. Ultimately it is up to you how you use this power.
The Celts have a festival of the first harvest - Lammas (Lughnasadh), which is celebrated in the first days of August. On these days, ritual bread was baked and offerings were made to the gods in order to collect and preserve the harvest.
The Central American Indians (Aztecs) have a god, Quetzalcoatl, who gave the people corn so they could live off it. There is even a separate deity Chicomecoatl, or the Goddess of Corn (Mais), who was depicted with a head made of corn; later she began to be called the goddess of fertility.
Often, it was not the grain itself that was brought as a gift to the gods, but bread baked from it (if you want to learn how to make such bread, read the article “Nut Bread”). The Sumerians baked 30 cakes every day for Gods such as Ishtar, Marduk and Shamash. And in Egypt they baked bread for Amun, Ra, Nekhbet and Ptah. In Ancient Greece, bread was also baked as a gift for Dementra, the goddess of grain, bread and agriculture. The Phoenicians baked bread with horns, a symbol of the goddess Astarte, to give it divine qualities.
There are a large number of rituals, both the simplest ones that are accessible to ordinary people, and those that only experienced magicians can perform. Let's look at a few rituals using grains.
We grow our income
Materials: for this ritual you will need fresh ripe grains of wheat, a ceramic saucer without drawings and 3 coins of different denominations. It is advisable that these coins be modern and not antique, because you do not want to attract money that has not been in circulation for a long time.
Easter and pain, and then... farewell
Millet grains cause pain - the body is distorted and distorted, the spirit is tormented and tormented, the body will begin to fall and fall, dying in terrible torment.
Damage to grain is caused during Easter. Go to the grave of your enemy’s brother and say there for three glasses of dyed Easter grain: Hide the millet on the grave - it will lie there for three days. By the way, it is necessary for the relatives of the deceased to perform the funeral service in due time. And at his grave leave a rich offering for his service:
- eggs are painted;
- Easter cake;
- fresh pancakes;
- little kutya;
- jelly to wash down the treat.
Three days will pass, take the millet and go to the enemy’s house. There, leave it secretly on the doorstep. No one should see what you have done. No one should know about this.
Ears of wheat in the house according to feng shui
Universal tips for solving money problems: 1) Fix all the taps in the apartment.
Constantly dripping water can wash away your prosperity. 2) Place a piece of dried moss or seaweed under the carpet. It attracts money. 3) Place a pot of Crassula ('money tree') in the southeast of your living room or office. The small round leaves of this plant look like coins 4) A room located in the southwest must have a lamp with a red lampshade. Red color is a symbol of passion and wealth. 5) Move trash cans away from your wealth areas. 6) Place a turtle figurine in the northern corner of the apartment. This animal brings money. 7) Install a chandelier with powerful lamps in the hallway. Bright lights will invite good energy into your home. Get rid of cacti and other plants with needles. Sharp thorns carry negative energy. 9) Ventilate the apartment regularly. The wind allows qi to move freely around the apartment.
Re: FEN SHUI IN THE APARTMENT.
The most important places to lure money into your home are the front door and the kitchen. After thoroughly washing the floor, place 5-kopeck coins with the heads facing up under the doormat inside the apartment. The same coins, wrapped in paper or a plastic bag, should be placed in the refrigerator (but not in the freezer!), in the bread bin, in cereals - they will take care of you never going hungry. It is necessary to carefully ensure that coins placed among the food do not become moldy - then, on the contrary, they will interfere with the well-being of the family. If this happens, the coins should be immediately replaced with new ones. You can hide “treasures” of coins, now of any denomination, in other closed places - in closets, under carpets, among books. It is forbidden to do this only in the bathroom, bedroom, toilet. It’s also good to carry “treasures” on yourself - a coin in each pocket, in each compartment of a handbag, in a cosmetic bag. The meaning of such feng shui tricks is that money attracts money.
Re: FEN SHUI IN THE APARTMENT.
Bear figurines, placed in a prominent place, protect the house from evil spirits, are a talisman of the family hearth, and also store the daily wealth in the house. She should be alternately in the room and in the kitchen. Ears of wheat, rye, oats placed in a vase (even artificial ones!) contribute to well-being, wealth, health, comfort and peace in the house. They perfectly neutralize negative energy.
Get a ficus - it creates a positive aura around itself, helps you concentrate, calm down after stress, extinguish nervousness, and normalizes the energy in the house.
Empty ear of wheat - reasons?
Question: Help determine the reason for the appearance of white ear in the crops of spring durum wheat, the predecessor is soft wheat, the field has been disked since the fall. When sowing, 50 kg of saltpeter was given in a row; for tillering, a systemic-contact insecticide was applied along with herbicides; after heading, before flowering, they treated with fungicide + urea 4 kg/ha! Before flowering, there was no such problem; the ears were green; after flowering ended, the ears began to die from top to bottom!!! The spikelets are practically empty. There are no signs of pests or diseases, the root system is fine. From the roots to the flag leaf - everything is perfect! On our farm there is approximately 1 white ear. per 1 sq. m, along the edges of the field - 2 pcs. per 1 sq. m. On a neighboring farm, white grass covers 40% of the area! Tell me, what is this?
Agronomists' opinions:
Possible causes of white hair:
Damage by secretive pests, such as wheat or Hessian flies. You need to split the stem in the area of the flag leaf or below (at the base of the stem), and look for the presence of larvae or the products of its vital activity. Colonization occurs in 2-3 leaves of the culture. There should be a larval passage inside the stem. They are especially harmful against autumn backgrounds.
The ears will fall before harvesting. And there is no grain in them at all.
Control measures.
Compliance with crop rotation, sowing dates, high-quality farming - minimal tillage contributes to an increase in the number of pests. Etching together with neonicotinoids (imidacloprid, thiamethoxam, clothianidin). Insecticidal treatment in the phase of 2-3 leaves. In later stages, treatment does not produce more effect, since the larva is very mobile.
Root rots, in particular Ghibellinosis or helminthosporium root rot. They also cause white wheat and stunted grain. The reason is the oversaturation of crop rotation with cereals and the sowing of wheat on wheat, as well as minimal or zero tillage in crop rotation, and unbalanced mineral nutrition.
Fusarium head blight. When infected at an early stage, death occurs right from the apical part of the ear. To check for fusarium blight, the spikelets must be placed in a humid chamber for 3-4 days at a temperature of 20-25 degrees. If it is fusarium, then there will be a characteristic red tint.
Read more about preventing fusarium diseases
However, there are opinions that these are not root rots,
because the root system looks healthy. And not fusarium head blight, because with this disease plants die over larger areas, and not 1 or 2 ears per square meter. In addition, root and basal rots never occur in single attacks. On the neighboring farm, most likely, there is root rot or hibillinosis.
Development of the grain sawfly.
Cut the stem; inside it will be filled with dust and waste products of the larva. The upper internode and ear become whitish when damaged by this pest. The adult lays eggs in the stem, the larva hatches and, with food, moves to the base of the stem, pupates there and overwinters. It is necessary to fight with autumn plowing and systemic drugs during the period of hatching of the larvae.
Agronomists recommend comparing your wheat crops with those of a neighboring farm: cultivated varieties, predecessors, protection systems, agricultural technology. It may be possible to more accurately determine the cause of white grass.
Ask your questions through our free service “Agronomist Help”.
THINGS THAT BRING TROUBLE INTO THE HOUSE! They cause trouble.
THINGS THAT BRING TROUBLE TO THE HOUSE! Which things are “good” and which are “evil”. Over the years, our apartments are filled with a wide variety of objects and things - from those needed in everyday life to those that decorate the interiors of rooms. In past centuries, man always knew which things were “good” and which were “evil”, he knew what material should be made of what. Today, bioenergy is gradually restoring this largely lost knowledge. Here are some practical tips that will help make your life safer, better, more joyful.
THINGS THAT BRING TROUBLE INTO THE HOUSE! THINGS THAT BRING TROUBLE
- Figurines of pigeons, crows, magpies, wading birds, eagles, and storks bring bad luck.
A figurine of an elephant with its trunk up (trumpeting) brings good luck to the house and helps to defeat ill-wishers, and an elephant with its trunk down (sleeping) brings despondency, melancholy, depression, frequent heavy thoughts, and stress to the house.
A sculpture of a dog or lion sitting on its hind legs and with its mouth open brings misfortune, as it attracts evil spirits to itself, while simultaneously depriving a person of intuition.
THINGS THAT BRING TROUBLE INTO THE HOUSE. Gifts that are not to your liking will bring misfortune if you do not get rid of them, as they were presented with bad feelings or a slander.
Paintings and prints depicting something uncomfortable for the eye disturb peace of mind, interfere with spiritual improvement, and weaken memory.
A thematic selection of games and exercises for young children on the theme “Spikelet”
Author of the lesson: Davydova Svetlana Alekseevna.
Goals:
Continue to teach children to listen carefully to a fairy tale. Watch a tabletop theater show and emotionally perceive the content. Introduce children to the fairy tale “Spikelet. Enrich children's vocabulary on the topic. Form stable ideas about size, quantity, color, geometric shapes. Practice sculpting, gluing, drawing with fingers, brushes and pencils. Develop the ability to repeat movements after the teacher. Develop thinking, motor skills, visual and auditory concentration, coordination of movements. Cultivate interest in fairy tales.
Equipment:
Toys-heroes of the fairy tale “Spikelet”, wheat ears, wheat grains, flour, dough. Colored silhouettes of a cockerel, a house, little mice, a spikelet, a background picture. A blank “spikelet” picture for finger painting, finger paints, yellow pencils. Yellow plasticine. Blank picture “Spikelets without stems”, yellow gouache, brushes. Background picture with a forest, a mouse, a fox, two mushrooms under a tree; leaves of different sizes cut out of cardboard. Background picture with an image of a spikelet of ovals, ovals cut out of yellow cardboard, counting sticks. Spikelets cut from thick cardboard, multi-colored clothespins. Buttons of different colors and sizes, a picture of a pie with colored circles, the color and size corresponding to the buttons. A blank picture depicting trays of different shapes, silhouette pictures of a round bun, an oval braid, a square pie. Glue, poppy seeds, sesame seeds, red plasticine. Napkins, saucers, cups, spoons cut out of colored cardboard. Buns. Sieve. Peas (not shelled). Audio recording: “Top-top.”
The unluckiest and happiest objects in your home
Any object in a person’s house has its own energy; each object is unique and affects the biofield of the owner. Having information about exactly what things can be talismans,
a person can turn his home into a real fortress, which will be well protected from negative energy.
For the same reason, you need to immediately rid your home of chipped dishes, torn items and unnecessary items.
We have compiled for you a list of the luckiest and unluckiest things you can have in your home, according to a number of different beliefs and superstitions from around the world.
Let's start with unlucky objects and things.
Protection and measures to combat wheat ear diseases
To protect the wheat ear from the described diseases, a set of agrotechnical and special measures are used aimed at preventing plant infection and seed contamination during the growing season, collection and storage. In particular, they include: growing resistant varieties; properly organized seed production; application of a set of agricultural practices aimed at increasing plant resistance; mandatory disinfection of seed, agricultural machinery and equipment; selection of disinfectants based on testing of seed crops and phytopathological examination of seeds; fungicidal protection of plants during their growing season. The use of recommended fungicides ("List...", 2014) is carried out on the basis of forecast data for the development of diseases, taking into account the economic threshold of their harmfulness (ETH) (Table 3).
Unlucky things in the house
This is a very popular plant in the interior today, but according to Feng Shui experts, plants with thorns, with the exception of roses, bring negative energy and bad luck into the house.
2) Dead or dried plants
Are the flowers dried out in your house? Or maybe you forgot about caring for your live composition, it has dried up and is waiting in the wings? In Vastu Shastra, the Hindu science of architecture, it is considered a very bad sign to allow plant leaves to die in your home.
Before you start painting the walls of your home various shades of green, know that in the UK and US it is considered an unlucky sign. It's all thanks to a scientist who used arsenic to create green wallpaper that released toxic fumes when in contact with liquid.
The Irish believe that an empty rocking chair is an invitation to evil spirits into your home. It’s better to always have something on it. If it suddenly starts shaking on its own, then it’s too late, the spirits are already in your house.
It's high time to take the old calendar off the wall. According to many beliefs, constantly seeing the wrong year, month or day is an unnecessary reminder of the past time, which, in turn, negatively affects your life and can even shorten it.
According to Feng Shui, a black door facing south, east or west invites bad luck into the house. However, this does not apply to the black door facing north.
But there are things whose impact on the owners and the energy of the house is only positive. If you purchase such items, you strengthen your cash flow by increasing the potential of your financial channel. What are these things?
What to do if the lining is found
Grain, tripe and other garbage found at your own doorstep are lining, objects cursed for all sorts of evil.
The easiest way to get rid of it is to burn it while reading any prayers. Just don’t take the lining with your bare hands: put on gloves and wrap it in a rag. The smoke from combustion is also spoiled, so you should stand further away so that the clouds of smoke do not fall on you. And when you return home, wash yourself off this nasty thing in cold running water.
If you can’t burn the lining, collect it, douse it with gasoline and bury it deep in the forest.
Afterwards, you should carry out a ritual of cleaning your home: walk around it, fervently praying, with a church candle, sprinkling all the corners and places where it crackles with holy water.
Septoria head blight of wheat
Wheat ear disease manifests itself on the leaves, stem and ear of wheat. Typical signs of septoria leaf blight are the appearance of first light, yellow, light brown, and sometimes faint spots with or without a dark border. Black small pycnidia are located in the center of the spot or on its entire surface. Affected leaves often dry out. The spots on the stem are vague, without a clear border.
On the glumes, septoria appears as dark brown spots, sometimes with a purple tint (photo 2). In affected areas, the tissue may become lighter in color and pycnidia may appear on it.
Diagnostic signs of septoria ear blight in wheat depend on the resistance of the variety, weather and agrotechnical conditions.
The causative agents of the disease are fungi of the genus Septoria. Among them, S. tritici Rob predominates. et Desm. (marsupial stage - Micosphacrella graminicola (Fuckel) Schroeter), parasitizing mainly on leaves, and Stagonospora nodorum Berk. (Leptosphaeria nodorum Muller) - affects all terrestrial organs, including seeds. The main role in the infection and re-infection of plants belongs to the pycnospores of the fungus. Sucospores act as an additional source of infection.
The massive development of septoria is promoted by a temperature of 20 ... 25 ° C, the presence of drip moisture or a relative air humidity of 90-100%. Under such conditions, pycnospores can germinate within several hours after emerging from the pycnidia. Dry periods of the growing season significantly suppress the development of the disease.
The grain in the affected ear becomes flat or completely absent. Underdevelopment of the ear leads to yield losses of 20-30% or more. Technological indicators of grain quality are significantly deteriorating.
Septoria infection persists on plant residues and wheat seeds, carrion seedlings, winter crops in the form of pycnidia and mycelium. Wild grains can also be a source of infection.
Structure of an ear of wheat
A wheat ear reaches 4-15 cm in length, depending on the variety. The spike scales do not exceed 6-15 mm. The grain's ears are single, tightly adjacent to the axis in two identical rows (from 5 to 18 mm), each of which has from 2 to 7 close flowers. The flower consists of 2 scales, 2 films, 3 stamens, 2 stigmas and one pistil.
What does it consist of?
The ear is a continuation of the cereal stem. It includes a jointed rod and spikelets located on its ledges. The narrow side of the rod is called the side, the wide side is the front. On each ledge there is one spikelet, which consists of two spikelet glumes and flowers. An apical spikelet grows at the end of the rod.
How many grains are in one ear of wheat?
One ear of this cereal contains up to 16-22 spikelets, depending on the type and variety. Each spikelet has 2-3, sometimes 4-5 flowers that produce grain. All other flowers either do not develop or do not produce grain. With proper agricultural technology, the maximum number of grains in a spikelet reaches 8.
